Expressing Obligation in Spanish

The verb deber and the verb phrase tener que are the two most common ways of expressing obligation in Spanish, to say that someone has to, should, ought or must do something. They are followed by the infinitive form of the verb. A few examples: Tengo que ayudar en las reparaciones. Debo ayudar en las reparaciones. (I have to help with the repairs.)Tiene que comprar y aà ±adir una nueva tarjeta prepagada de tiempo celular. Debe comprar y aà ±adir una nueva tarjeta prepagada de tiempo celular. (You have to buy and add a new prepaid card for cellphone time.)Tenemos que estudiar la historia de Colombia. Debemos estudiar la historia de Colombia. (We should study the history of Colombia.)Tuvo que irse a trabajar. Debià ³ irse a trabajar. (She had to go to work.) As in the above examples, tener que and deber are usually interchangeable. However, tener que usually expresses a stronger sense of obligation than does deber. Note that tener is conjugated irregularly. Deber, however, is conjugated regularly. The phrase no tener mà ¡s remedio que is one of the most common ways of expressing extremely strong obligation: No tiene mà ¡s remedio que decir la verdad. (He absolutely has to tell the truth.)No me dejas otra alternativa y no tengo mà ¡s remedio que aceptar. (You leave me no other choice, and I must accept.) Using Deber for a Weaker Sense of Obligation A weaker sense of obligation can be expressed by using the conditional form of deber. The conditional forms of deber are especially common in questions.  ¿Por quà © deberà ­a comprar un lavaplatos? (Why do I have to buy a dishwasher?)Deberà ­amos salir. (We need to get going.)Los economistas deberà ­an concentrar su atencià ³n en los desempleados. (The economists should focus their attention on the unemployed.) Using Haber De for a Vague Sense of Obligation A vague sense of obligation can also be expressed by use of haber de, although it isnt used in all areas and can sound stuffy. Example: He de estar a dieta, I need to be on a diet. Sometimes the verb necesitar is also used as equivalent of tener que or deber, although it is less common than the corresponding English verb, to need: Necesito obtener certificacià ³n para trabajar. (I need to get certification in order to work.)Necesitas hablar de lo que te preocupa. (You need to talk about whats worrying you.) Note: It is possible that you will hear native speakers substitute deber de for deber when expressing obligation. However, this use of deber is considered substandard by some grammarians and is probably best avoided by those who are learning the language. (The accepted way to use deber de is to express likelihood. Example: Debe de llover en Managua, its probably raining in Managua.)

WeRe Hot as Hell - Summary of Bill Mckibbens Article...

We’re Hot as Hell Is global warming a moral dilemma? Is it the public policy problem from hell? In The Environmental Issue from Hell, Bill McKibben uses many of such phrases en route to arguing for a new approach to global warming. By discussing hell and morals, the reader’s mind is already equating it with two heavily debated issues. Therefore, we begin to question their existence and how we should deal with the subjects. McKibben wisely chooses these disputes to represent his main concerns: the ways in which consumerism affects the global ecosystem, and the impact of humans on the environment. McKibben presents a solution on how to handle each of these environmental issues, utilizing both the people and the government. McKibbens†¦show more content†¦Mckibben inaugurates his third paragraph suggesting that we make the environmental issues, â€Å"the great moral crisis of our time, and the equivalent of the civil rights movement of the 1960s.(747). He uses this analogy to explain that in his opinion, we are strip-mining the present and destroying all of whom come after it. Thus, leading him to discuss exactly how humans’ materialistic ways have impacted the earth. From Bangladesh living three months in thigh high-deep water, to polar bears becoming â€Å"20% scrawnier than they were a decade ago† (748). The environmentalist writer goes on to discuss how to deal with global warming since it is indeed creeping up on us. Mckibben once again articulates his repetitive view that, â€Å"it’s a moral question, finally, if you think we owe any debt to the future.† (748). In many circumstances it is believed that if it had been done to us, we would dislike the generation that did it, just as how we will one day be disliked. The solution given in the essay on how to handle these environmental issues is to start a moral campaign. In other words, â€Å"†¦ turn it into a political issue, just as bus boycotts began to make public the issue of race, forcing the system to respond. â€Å" (748). As a part of the overall populist causing these issues, Mckibben understands that the hardest part about starting this moral campaign is identifying a villain to overcome. Briefly

Purchasing Decision of Holmes Students- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about thePurchasing Decision of Holmes Students. Answer: Introduction Demographics involves a study on the population (human) based on aspects such as religion, education, gender, age, the level of income among others. There are different levels in which a demographic study can be conducted that is, internationally, nationally and regionally. Bommer (2005) denotes that these levels are also limited to the specific demarcations precisely geographic boundary, economic boundary, and political boundary. Most fields have used demographic studies in their planning, for instance, the insurance companies have used these studies to make their forecast. However, with the fast rate of development taking place in the world, demographics have lost their popularity since much information is likely to be omitted due to the generalization applied by researchers to judge a given population size. According to Celep (2000, p. 463), the conclusions given are not reliable. On the other hand, psychographics incorporates the attributes of a population that are not tangible such as opinions, culture, and personality. Psychographics are important where studies on decision-making processes are being conducted. The criterion used in data collection varies in demographics and psychographics. For demographics, the set of data used is one which is constant and already designed to serve the intended purpose while for psychographics the data set is self-made to serve the desired specific purpose. Fero (2005) the reason for the data set being tailor made is because the psychographics is not a popular method to study populations. In an institution such Holmes, the students process of decision making which is dependent on their behavior as consumers is critical. Bernerth (2007) points out that a simple definition of consumer behavior would refer to all the steps taken by an individual when making choices as what product to purchase or discard based on their satisfaction. According to Guzeller (2008), the decision-making process which comprises of five stages engages the consumer in learning to gain information about a product which is useful for future purchases. Through this knowledge acquired in a study oriented with cognition, the consumer can decide on the services and products that he or she will buy even in years to come. Cartwright (2006) also denotes that the chronological order of stages involved in the decision-making process is; recognition of need, search for information, an alternative evaluation is done, a decision on purchase is made, a post-purchase evaluation is done. In the first stage of the decision-making process, the consumer who is then a potential buyer develops a need to use a specific product or service (Naik 2004, p143). It is now the duty of the marketers of the institution offering the product to identify it in detail to suit the consumers need. In searching for information which is the second stage in the process, the consumer who has now identified the product to satisfy his need goes ahead to seek information on the particulars of that product Efiltil (2008, p. 8). This stage can take different approaches, for instance, an internal search which would include flashbacks on past experiences with the product and an external search which would include sources like friends, articles, testing of sample products and following advertisements. Normally, if the internal search offers inadequate information, the consumer opts for the latter that is external search. The searches done by the consumer bring about alternative products which in some weight could replace the product that was initially identified. Hong (2001) alludes that these alternatives are evaluated in a distinct stage where the consumer uses objective and subjective criteria to discern which product will satisfy his/her need. In the objective criterion, the consumer may consider aspects such as the fee, prices, and performance. Under the subjective criterion, the consumer picks on the outward attributes like the style and looks among others. The consumer chooses to forego other alternative products and makes an informed decision to purchase a specific product or service. It is important to know that this stage does not imply the real purchase of the chosen product instead it is just a plan made to be implemented. Siegent (2008) also points out that after the consumer has used the purchased service or product, a post-purchase evaluation is done by the consumer through the feedback given to the institution. This paper adopts the use of Holmes as a case study institution where research is to be conducted. We are going to consider the students as the consumers and also as the population under study. Holmes Institute was originally started in 1963 and gained popularity among the colleges because of excellent business courses they offered. The institute due to its outstanding performance was accredited in 1986 as a private college. According to Oswald (2004), a bold step was taken by Holmes to incorporate high school segment to incorporate students all over the world. The Australian institution is now well known for the diversity adopted to deliver quality services in the education system. Holmes Institute also has a provision for students who would opt for vocational studies. What makes this institute stand out among other colleges is an improvement in the quality of education offered. This improvement in the quality of education is in line with the expectation of the market. Methodology The study involved a sample size of 50 participants. These participants were students who had enrolled in Holmes Institute. Before conducting the study, I read the Holmes Institute magazine to get an overview of the task at hand. The magazine has published the review of the institution and various provisions available for students. I administered 40 closed-ended questionnaires to 40 students so that I could gather data on the students opinions concerning the quality of education offered by Holmes Institute. The questions in the questionnaire included; how are the methods used by professors to teach? How effective is the teaching of other sub-courses related to your course? What facilities are available to foster quality in learning? How helpful do academic advisors give pieces of advice? How efficient are the procedures used to register courses in your institution? How is the safety of the institution? How helpful is the institutions health-care center? How easy is it to access libra ry resources? What is the health standard of food served in the institution? How are the accommodation facilities of the institution? How contented are you with extra-curricular activities offered by the institution? How contented are you with rules set by the institution? What is your likelihood of transferring to another institution by next year? What is your likelihood of recommending other students to join your institution? How is your satisfaction with experiences at Holmes Institute? With an aim to collect more data I conducted an in-depth interview with ten students. The questions in the interview were single questions and in a simple language. During the interview, I avoided much formality to encourage the students to open up and share their views. I noted down all the answers given by the interviewees for future reference. Findings The information provided in the school magazine was restricted to the various departments in the college, the programs offered and the general structure of school administration. Holmes Institute has courses in the following disciplines; English courses like business English, Higher education programs like Bachelor of Business and also vocational programs like diploma in accounting. According to Abraham (2000), the requirements to enroll in education programs should vary depending on the type of course and type of student. In the magazine, the methods used by lecturers to teach were also outlined. In Holmes Institute, the lecturers apply the communicative mode of teaching where students are given an opportunity to express themselves in class without the fear of failing to get correct answers. There are also course books made for every class, and this comprises of all the activities required to be done by students. Holmes Institute has provided 20 hours of contact for mature adult stu dents and 25 hours of contact for high school students under preparation. The students taking degree courses in Holmes Institute are under full-time basis. Brandes(1999:150) those taking the degree programs are enrolled in a system where learning incorporates; seminars, normal lectures, tutorials, speakers who are invited to guests and group discussions. The teaching aids involve materials that are audio and visual and analysis which is done in a case study in Holmes Institute magazine; the facilities available for students were outlined. First is the location of the Institution are all its campuses. The central business districts host these campuses. Holmes in Australia has resource centers that have adequate materials needed by students for instance videos, textbooks etcetera (Andersson 1997, p. 449). Delken (2004) points out that there are sections set aside for computers in the resource center. Regarding connectivity, the computers belonging to campuses of Holmes are integrated through a network that is wireless. For easier accessibility, there are webmails given to students. There are also printers in the college for use by students. The accommodation provided to students is adequate with comfortable meeting places and residing rooms and apartments. Holmes Institute has a well-equipped library with favorable policies. The materials present in the library are diverse for use not only by students but also the members of staff. Labeling of different sections of the library is properly done for easier retrieval of information. Education on accessing of various resources in the library is done to help the students especially new students understand how the library operates. The catalog system of the library in Holmes Institute is automated and also manual. For Australian students, t he government plays a key role especially in sponsoring students and giving them loans. Eren (2004) on the contrary asserts that the international students should be self-sponsored. The fee paid by Holmes Institute is flexible. Before new students can begin classes, they undergo an orientation program which is normally done on day one. In the orientation program, students are first welcomed to the institution; they are introduced to various staff and the administration, they are also required to fill relevant admission documents like medical forms, they are taken through the various programs offered by the institution. They are then allowed to choose the subjects they opt to cover in their course; they are given access to computers, shown around the city of the campus and finally the segment of socializing marks the end of the orientation program. Holmes has set rules to guide their students, and all the students are expected to follow them to the letter. Dean (1998) asserts that the classes fixed in the institutions program are compulsory for Holmes students. All assignments given by lecturers are expected to be submitted before the deadlines. The student should pass at least half of his/her course coverage in a span of not less than 20 weeks. All students who dont meet the required attendance which is at least 80 percent of the lectures and those who fail to pass in their course are handed over to the authority which is the government. Erdust (2007) the code of conduct of students in Holmes should be in search a way that it promotes academic progress. Any activity that is not academic-friendly is strongly discouraged. Those who break the rules suffer punishment depending on the seriousness of the case at hand. The punishment might involve deduction of marks in the grade scored by the student or even total deduction of grade attained. In some cases, the lecturer might sound an oral warning to any student portraying a form of misconduct. Holmes (2004) the academic progress is monitored by teacher handling the students. There are segments s et aside to allow students to discuss their grades with academic advisors in a bid to improve their performance. There is a number provided for students to call at any time as they seek for help. This number functions on a 24-hour basis to receive the needs of the students. Holmes Institute has medical centers with competent health personnel. The data provided by the questionnaires was in line with what had been published in the institution magazine. According to the question on the effectiveness of the techniques used by professors to teach, 35 out of the 40 questionnaires supported the methods. 40 out of the 40 questionnaires indicated that Holmes Institute has adequate facility to support learning. As for the benefits of academic advisors, 10 out of the 40 students supported the help offered by the advisors towards the improvement of academics. 40 out of the total 40 students sampled confirmed that the process of course registration was efficient. 40 out of the 40 students confirmed that the state of security in Holmes was paramount. The health care quality was confirmed by 35 out of the 40 filled questionnaires. 30 out of the 40 questionnaires confirmed that library had enough material. 40 out of the 40 questionnaires confirmed that food served in the college was healthy for consumption. 38 out of the 40 questionnaire s confirmed that the accommodation in Holmes Institute is enough. 20 out of 40 questionnaires indicated that the students were not contented with the extra-curricular activities offered by the institution. 10 out of the 40 questionnaires supported the rules made by the administration. 5 out of the 40 students who filled the questionnaires were likely to transfer to other institutions. 34 out of the 40 filled the questionnaires confirmed that students were enjoying their experiences in Holmes Institute. 30 out of the 40 students who filled the questionnaires would recommend their friends to join Holmes Institution. Recommendations Students can be recommended to join Holmes Institute so that they can pursue their courses of interests. This is because of the excellent teaching methods used by professors to teach and the adequate facilities that foster quality education. However, this institution is only limited to a few programs. Efforts to increase the number of courses in Holmes Institute would be of great help to students not only I Australia but the entire world. List of References Abraham, R 2000, Organizational Cynicism: Bases and Consequences Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 126 (3), 269-292. Andersson, L 1996, Employee Cynicism: An Examination Using a Contract Violation Framework, Human Relations, No. 49, 1395-1418. Andersson, L.M. Bateman, T.S 1997, Cynicism in the Workplace: Some Causes and Effects, The Journal of Organizational Behavior. No.18, 449-470. Bernerth, J, Armenakis, A.A., Feild, H.S. Walker, H.J 2007, Justice, Cynicism, and Commitment: A Study of Important Organizational Change Variables. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 43 (3), 303-326. Brandes, P, Dharwadkar, R. Dean, J. W 1999, Does Organizational Cynicism Matter? Employee and Supervisor Perspectives on Work Outcomes, Eastern Academy of ManagementProceedings, 150-153. Outstanding Empirical Paper Award. Bommer, W.H., Rich, G.A. Rubin, R.S 2005, Changing Attitudes About Change: Longitudinal Effects of Transformational Leader Behaviour on Employee Cynicism about Organizational Change. The Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 26, 733-753. Cartwright, S. Holmes, N 2006, The Meaning of Work: The Challenge of Regaining Employee Engagement and Reducing Cynicism. Human Resource Management Review, 16 (2), 199208. Celep, C 2000, OrganizationalCommitment and Teachers, An Yaynclk, Ankara Cole, M.S., Brunch, H. Vogel, B 2006, Emotion as Mediators of the Relations between Percived Supervision Support and Psychological Hardiness on Employee Cynicism, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 463-484. Dean Jr, J.W., Brandes, P. Dharwadkar, R 1998, Organizational Cynicism. The Academy of Management Review, 23 (2), 341-352. Delken, M 2004, Organizational Cynicism: A Study Among Call Centers (Dissertation), Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Maastricht, Maastricht. Efilti, S, Gnen, Y. ztrk, F 2008, Organizational Cynicism: A Field Research on Administrative Secretaries Working at Akdeniz University.7. Ulusal Bro Ynetimi ve Sekreterlik Kongresi, Karadeniz Teknik University, Trabzon, 1-14. Ekinci, O. (11.03.2009), Are you Hearing Our Research Assistants? Cumhuriyet Gazatesi, pp.17 Erdost, H.E. Karacao, K. Reyhano M 2007, The Concept of Organizational Cynicism and Being Tested of the Related Scales with a Company in Turkey. 15. Ulusal Ynetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi Bildiriler Kitab, Sakarya University, Sakarya, 514-524. ren, E. (2004). Organizational behaviour and psychology of management, Publishing Beta, stanbul. Fero, H. C. (2005). Flow and Cynicism in the Workplace (Dissertation), Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California. Gzeller, C.O. Kalaan, G. (2008). Turkish Adaptation of Organizational Cynicism Scale and Investigation in terms of Some Variables Holmes, L. 2004. Testing Business Students for Practical Intelligence. Http://mentalhealth.about.com/library/sci/1101/blmba1101.htm. Hong, D. 2001. Profs Create Test for mba Applicants. https://www.yalenews.com/articlefunctions/printerfriendly.asp?aid=17453ims Learning Resources. 2004. cat Admission Test. https://www.imsindia.com/cat/about_cat.htm Naik, B, R. Srinivasan. 2004, Using Neural Networks to Predict mba Student Success. College Student Journal 38 (1): 143150. Oswald, F. L., N. Schmitt, B. H. Kim, L. J. Ramsay, M. Gillespie 2004, Developing BiodataMeasure and Situational Judgment Inventory as Predictors of College Student Performance. https://www.io.psy.msu.edu/Schmitt/academic%20success%20prediction.htm Siegert, K. O. 2008. Executive Education: Predicting Student Success in Executive mba Programmes. Journal of Education for Business 83 (4):

Should Abortion Be Legal free essay sample

For many people abortion is wrong without any questions and its consequences. Women have been raped or have been irresponsible for their actions. But either way, the situation is the same; women will just say â€Å"it is my body I can do anything I want with it. † It is the same reaction because I do not think the lady who has been raped, would like to have a baby of someone she does not even know. With her anger, she will not care if she is killing a child or not. A woman, who has not been responsible for her own actions, will not care having an abortion either.These ladies sometimes do not care and are more likely to say â€Å"it’s my body and I will do whatever I want with it. † It is sad, however, a woman has a right to her own body. All people have a right to do to their own bodies what they want. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Abortion Be Legal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"The argument in favor of abortion on demand, or abortion for convenience sake, that a woman has a right to do as she wishes to her own body, is not applicable to the question of abortion, since the mother’s body’s different from that of her baby, or fetus,† (Pauline Rocco and Bob Johnson).Many people think is okay to have an abortion, although, â€Å"he fetus is just part of the pregnant woman’s body, like her tonsils or appendix. You can’t seriously believe a frozen embryo is an actual person,† (Randy Alcorn). Randy Alcorn also claims if a child may die, a mother live or the mother may die and the child live, this proves that a child and the mother are two separate individuals. They also think the unborn child takes and active role in his developing. But the truth is who is feeding the unborn child? Should Abortion Be Legal? 3Abortion keeps being a bigger issue for medical reasons. For example, when a mother’s life is in jeopardy, who or what should decide? Should this be left to the discretion of the mother, family and/or doctor? It is true, the mother and the unborn baby are still two separate individuals/entities, but under these difficult circumstances, it is truly a personal decision for those directly involved,† (Pauline Rocco and Bob Johnson). In this situation a member of the family needs to decide between the mother and the unborn child. Regardless of the decision, one life will be lost and one saved.The issue of abortion in this situation is to kill the unborn baby for convenience, and choose the other life to be saved. Therefore, abortion should be treated the same in the case of a rape or medical reasons. â€Å"The government has a legitimate interest in protecting the life of an embryo or fetus, but embryos and fetuses do not have rights themselves unless and until it can be determined that they are human persons,† (Tom Head). The government has a legitimate interest in protecting the potential right of the fetus, but the fetus itself does not have rights previous to the viability threshold.Women have the right to make the decision about their own bodies and fetuses do not have right. â€Å"Therefore, until the fetus is old enough to have the rights of its own, the woman’s decision to have an abortion takes precedence over the interests of the fetus† (Tom Head). Abortion can only be homicide if a fetus is known to be a person and fetuses are not known to be a person. Therefore, government may pass laws prohibiting death threats, and give the right to woman to terminate her p regnancy. Law also criminalizes the procedure generally apply to doctors and not to women.This means that even under state laws banning abortion as medical procedure, women would be able to terminate the pregnancies through other resources. Many women take pills also known as drugs to terminate their pregnancies but are intended for other purposes. â€Å"In Nicaragua, where abortion is illegal, the ulcer drug misoprostol is often used for this purpose,† Should Abortion Be Legal? 4 (Tom Head). This drug is not expensive, and it is easy to transport and conceal. It also terminates the pregnancy in a manner that resembles a miscarriage. Illegally this is one of hundreds of options available to women who want to have an abortion. On the other hand, many people also think embryos and fetuses are equally human. They claim â€Å"true followers of Christ do not share the conventional interpretation of those words given them by liberals, moderates nor conservatives, whether such people are religious or non-religious,† (Against Abortion). They also think that the words â€Å" all men are created equal,† apply to every human embryo and fetus as well. And since they think they are humans at the earliest of conception, they are as equally human as everyone else who is rightly regarded as humans. For the ones who have had and perform abortions for any reason should be regarded by the government and the public as high criminals who should bare the just punishment of death. Human embryos and fetuses cannot secure their own rights to life. â€Å"It should not be left up to some special interest group to seek their protection, and the government should not allow any foolish deep-pocketed special interest group to petition and lobby it for removal of the rights of innocent human beings,† (Against Abortion). Therefore, it should be illegal for abortion-rights advocates to exist.They claim America’s government has become destructive to the right of the unborn. And it also refuses to protect the God-given rights of the most innocent and helpless on earth and refuses to condemn and punish abortion advocates. Innocent human embryos and fetuses have no legal status as being human even though they are very much human. They have no status as citizens even though they are natives, no legal identification certificates, numbers or names. Their fathers have no legal claim on them as being their progeny and their relatives cannot legally claim them as their kin.Even though, they are very much alive, they are treated with fewer honors than the dead. Nobody mourns over them when Should Abortion Be Legal? 5 they are actually murdered by their own mother or no funerals are held or not even a grave for them. This is sad but very true. Since abortion is legal, no charges can be done against their murders and no murders are punished. These people even think that the government themselves are their worst enemies. Many who have fought have blindly directed their energy and resources in the wrong directions.Other has insisted that inducing abortions should be illegal for some cases while keeping it legal for others. The fight against abortion must also be fought using the principles of truth, justice and righteousness. And their goal against abortion is for â€Å"America and the world to begin to legally recognize truths that are ‘self-evident’ which is the human embryos and fetuses and their legal innocence in the eyes of sane law and to give them their rightful status as legal citizen of the united states and the world community† (Against Abortion).